The zorzal

All this talk about nightingales in the previous posts has brought to my mind what could be considered their equivalent at us, around the Rio de la Plata: the zorzal (Turdus rufiventris, rufous-bellied thrush).

America does not have the same bird which is called nightingale in the Old Continent, although for example in the Caribbean there are a few that had been given that name. (It is really fascinating how the European names were gradually given to new and different species on American soil, as a consequence of the nostalgic vision of explorers and conquistadors.)

The zorzal is undoubtedly the best known songbird in the Rio de la Plata Basin. Just like the nightingale, it has a very melodious song and it is heard specially between night and dawn, in springtime, when the courting and mating season begins.

In cities, many zorzals are to be found in harmonious coexistence with humans. And in the springtime, that is between the months of October and November, many porteños, even those who know nothing about ornithology, begin to identify it as the bird which makes them wake up at dawn. To tell the truth, however charming the zorzal be, I can vouch that its penetrating and repetitive call at night can be unnerving for a light sleeper.

Like the mockingbird and the nightingale, the zorzal does not have one unique song. It varies not only according to the season of the year, but also according to the geographic zone and even from one individual to another. This is due to the fact that they imitate the songs of other birds, so that on occasions they create very particular “remixes”, even imitating the noise of motors, windmills or bells that were near their nests, thus puzzling many an ornithologist. Moreover, the song is the males’ weapon of seduction, so that while some individuals are very young and inexpert, others are mature and own a wide and proved repertoire of complex songs which have already afforded them successful conquests.


The song of the zorzal, from here

The zorzal is such an emblem of a melodious voice that Carlos Gardel, the most famous tango singer of the last century was known as “El Zorzal Criollo” (“The Creole Thrush”).

The two tangos that Gardel sings here are classic and very well known (even by those who, like myself, know nothing about tango). Many lines of these songs have become standard sayings, proverbs and aphorisms. They are also very good examples of the use of lunfardo porteño, the argot of Buenos Aires, which probably few Spanish speakers from other regions are able to decode without difficulty.

The first tango, “Mano a mano” (We’re Even) tells of a woman who, being of humble origins, now considers herself a “bacana” (a wealthy person who puts on elegant airs). In former times she accepted the singer’s love but now she holds it in contempt, because she has a rich “otario”, (a sucker, a fool) who keeps her and lets her throw “morlacos a la marchanta” (money around). He therefore speaks up with the intention of warning her that her vain illusions, her ephemeral triumphs will not last long and will soon leave her “like an old, unstuck, piece of furniture”: forgotten and hopeless.

I think we agree that this is the discourse which all of us spited by unreciprocated love would like to inflict on those by whom we have been forsaken. Al least, it is a feeling that well depicts a porteño: if something makes him suffer, he will always try to show to the other that he is beyond insults and contempt because he “knows” that the other will end up worse than himself.

Mano a mano – We’re Even
Music: Carlos Gardel & José Razzano. Lyrics: Celedonio Flores

(The lyrics of the tangos, just like the text of the whole post, have been translated from Spanish to English by María Lía Macchi to whom I’m infinitely grateful for the great job!)

Rechiflao en mi tristeza, te evoco y veo que has sido de mi pobre vida paria sólo una buena mujer tu presencia de bacana puso calor en mi nido fuiste buena, consecuente, y yo sé que me has querido como no quisiste a nadie, como no podrás querer. Se dio el juego de remanye cuando vos, pobre percanta, gambeteabas la pobreza en la casa de pensión: hoy sos toda una bacana, la vida te ríe y canta, los morlacos del otario los tirás a la marchanta como juega el gato maula con el misero ratón. Hoy tenés el mate lleno de infelices ilusiones te engrupieron los otarios, las amigas, el gavión la milonga entre magnates con sus locas tentaciones donde triunfan y claudican milongueras pretensiones se te ha entrado muy adentro en el pobre corazón. Nada debo agradecerte, mano a mano hemos quedado, no me importa lo que has hecho, lo que hacés ni lo que harás; los favores recibidos creo habértelos pagado y si alguna deuda chica sin querer se había olvidado en la cuenta del otario que tenés se la cargás. Mientras tanto, que tus triunfos, pobres triunfos pasajeros, sean una larga fila de riquezas y placer; que el bacán que te acamala tenga pesos duraderos que te abrás en las paradas con cafishios milongueros y que digan los muchachos: “Es una buena mujer”. Y mañana cuando seas deslocado mueble viejo y no tengas esperanzas en el pobre corazón si precisás una ayuda, si te hace falta un consejo acordate de este amigo que ha de jugarse el pellejo p’ayudarte en lo que pueda cuando llegue la ocasión.

Out of my mind with sadness I think about you again, and I see that in my poor miserable life you were just a good woman. Your elegant beauty gave warmth to my nest, you were kind and loyal, and I know you’ve loved me like you’ve loved no one like you’ll never love again. We fell for each other when you were a poor girl who was trying to outsmart poverty in a boarding house: Today you’re a lady, life smiles and sings to you, you squander your sucker’s bucks just like an evil cat plays around with a wretched mouse. Today your brain is crammed with unattainable daydreams. you’ve been deluded by your suckers, your girlfriends and your beau. The parties thrown by tycoons with their mad temptations where the ambitions of dance hall girls triumph or fall apart have become deeply embedded into your wretched heart. I have no reason to be grateful, we’re even. I don’t care what you’ve done, what you do now, or what you’ll do. All the favours I have received, I’m sure I’ve already paid for. And if I’ve unwittingly forgotten some small debt, you can charge it on your current sucker’s account. Meanwhile, I hope that your success, poor, ephemeral success, stretches out as a long line of riches and pleasures, that the tycoon who keeps you has lasting money that you can show off in public places with swinging pimps and that all the guys may agree “That’s a fine woman!” And tomorrow, when you are an old, discarded piece of junk, and no hope is left in your poor heart, if you will need help, if you’re in want of advice, remember this friend who would risk his skin To help you in everything that he can when the need arises.

This other tango, also very famous, is by Enrique Santos Discepolo, a great porteño musician and poet. As it can be seen, it exhales nothing but bitterness and skepticism, a vision of life very typical of tangos and particularly characteristic of Discepolo, also the author of the well known “Cambalache”: “El mundo fue y será una porquería/ ya lo sé, en el 503 / y en el 2000 también” (“The world has always been and always will be trash, / I know, in the year 503 / and also in 2000”).

We again find the singer who assumes that he possesses supreme knowledge and therefore warns his listener to harbor no hope because it would be in vain (it’s remarkable how we porteños are defined by this image of the know-it-all…, I want to believe that not all of us are so, but its presence is constant in popular beliefs). Everything is a lie, nothing is love; nobody cares about what happens to the other and no one will help you when you are in need. He knows it because he’s already been through it and he knows about “rajarse los tamangos buscando ese mango que te haga morfar”, wearing out your shoes in search of money with which to eat. So when the other gets to realize that those around him are preparing to step into his clothes when he fails: “manyés que a tu lado se prueben las pilchas que vas a dejar” (manyés, ‘realize’ is another argot word that comes from the Italian, mangiare, to eat, because when you become aware of something it’s as if you ate it, you incorporated it spiritually), he will remember the warnings that were made to him.

But perhaps the most interesting aspect is the image with which the tango begins on which all the subsequent development is based. “Cuando la suerte, que es grela”, that is, ‘luck, who is a woman’. Since ancient times luck, opportunity or fortune has been represented as a woman, and here is important not only the tradition of representing vices and virtues with allegorical feminine figures, but also the supposedly changing moods attributed to women or, what is more admissible, their changes of status, like those of the moon. Opportunity or fortune was therefore represented as a woman on a wheel or a sphere, because she is never stable, she goes turning and thus changing the fortunes of men. This is precisely what the tango suggests by saying “yira, yira”, that is, it goes round and round, (with another contamination by the Italian girare). But “yiro” was also the name given to prostitutes in lunfardo, because they wander around (yiran) corners of the city in search of clients. We have then the concept of luck that’s a woman, that lets you down (“fallando, fallando”) and leaves you without what you have expected of her (“Te largue parao”). Fortune goes round like a prostitute and she IS a prostitute. And this is the image of the world which has nothing stable or sure, except this bitter truth.

Yira, Tira – Going Round and Round
Music & Lyrics: Enrique S. Discépolo, 1930

Cuando la suerte, que es grela, fallando y fallando te largue parao… Cuando estés bien en la vía, sin rumbo, desesperao… Cuando no tengas ni fe, ni yerba de ayer secándose al sol… Cuando rajés los tamangos buscando ese mango que te haga morfar… la indiferencia del mundo que es sordo y es mudo recién sentirás. Verás que todo es mentira, verás que nada es amor… que al mundo nada le importa Yira… Yira… Aunque te quiebre la vida, aunque te muerda un dolor, no esperes nunca una ayuda, ni una mano, ni un favor… Cuando estén secas las pilas de todos los timbres que vos apretás, buscando un pecho fraterno para morir abrazao… Cuando te dejen tirao después de cinchar, lo mismo que a mí… Cuando manyés que a tu lado se prueban la ropa que vas a dejar… ¡Te acordarás de este otario que un día, cansado, se puso a ladrar!

When Fortune, who’s a woman, leaves you on the lurch… When you’re completely broke, aimless and desperate… When you no longer have faith nor yesterday’s mate leaves drying in the sun… When you wear out your shoes in search of a buck to buy food… Only then will you feel the indifference of the deaf and dumb World. You’ll realize that everything’s a lie that nothing is love… that the world doesn’t care at all, it just keeps going round and round… Even though life is tearing you apart even though you’re broken by pain, don’t ever expect any help, an aiding hand, or a favour… When you’ve dried out the batteries of all the doorbells that you’ve rung looking for a brotherly bosom to embrace and die… When you’re thrown away after you’ve slaved as they did to me… When you realize that they’re trying on the clothes that you’re leaving behind… You’ll remember this jerk who one day got fed up and started to growl!

But maybe the voice of the “Creole Thrush” is best appreciated in the famous “El día que me quieras” (The Day When You’ll Love Me), which isn’t a proper tango but a tango-ballad. It was composed for the movie by the same title in 1935. Leaving aside the flamboyant gestures and acting of the two leading characters, the matchless melody and the poetry, which is perhaps somewhat kitschy but nevertheless enchants me, is one of our national prides.

El día que me quieras – The Day When You’ll love Me
Music: Carlos Gardel. Lyrics: Alfredo Lepera.

Acaricia mi ensueño el suave murmullo de tu suspirar, ¡como ríe la vida si tus ojos negros me quieren mirar! Y si es mío el amparo de tu risa leve que es como un cantar, ella aquieta mi herida, ¡todo, todo se olvida! El día que me quieras la rosas que engalana se vestirá de fiesta con su mejor color. Al viento las campanas dirán que ya eres mía y locas las fontanas me contarán tu amor. La noche que me quieras desde el azul del cielo, las estrellas celosas nos mirarán pasar y un rayo misterioso hará nido en tu pelo, luciérnaga curiosa que verá… ¡que eres mi consuelo! Recitado: El día que me quieras no habrá más que armonías, será clara la aurora y alegre el manantial. Traerá quieta la brisa rumor de melodías y nos darán las fuentes su canto de cristal. El día que me quieras endulzará sus cuerdas el pájaro cantor, florecerá la vida, no existirá el dolor. La noche que me quieras desde el azul del cielo, las estrellas celosas nos mirarán pasar y un rayo misterioso hará nido en tu pelo, luciérnaga curiosa que verá… ¡que eres mi consuelo!

My daydream is caressed by the light murmur of your sighs. How mirthful life is if your black eyes are willing to look at me! And if your laughter, soft like a song, gives me shelter, my wound is soothed, everything, everything, is forgotten! The day when you’ll love me the embellishing rose will attire itself in its best colours. Bells sounding to the winds will ring out that now you’re mine. And the fountains, insane with joy will tell me of your love. The night, when you’ll love me, peering from the blue of the sky, jealous stars will watch us go by and a mysterious beam will nestle in your hair: an inquisitive firefly who will realize that you’re my solace! Recitative: The day when you’ll love me, there will be only harmony, daybreak will be clear and the spring will be merry the breeze will quietly bring a rumor of melodies and the fountains will offer us their song of crystal. The day when you’ll love me, the songbird will sweeten its cords, life will blossom pain will not exist any more. The night that you love me, peering from the blue of the sky, jealous stars will watch us pass, and a mysterious beam will nestle in your hair: an inquisitive firefly who will realize that you’re my solace!